Online Resources

Recommended reading

Selected websites

Life History Data Matrix

Recommended Reading

Academic Reading

Branstetter, S. (ed.). 1993. Conservation biology of elasmobranchs. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, U.S. Department of Commerce, no. 115, 99 pp.

Compagno, L.J.V. 1988. Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 572 pp.

Cook, S. 1987. (Editor) Sharks. An Inquiry into Biology, Behavior, Fisheries, and Use. Oregon State U., 1-237.

Daniel, J.F. 1934. The elasmobranch fishes. University California Press, Berkeley, California, 332 pp.

Garman, S. 1913. The Plagiostomia. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 36, 515 p. *Reprinted by Benthic Press, Los Angeles, CA. 1997.

Garrick, J.A.F. 1982. Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. Nat. Ocean. Atmosph. Adm. USA, Tech. Rep., Nat. Mar. Fish. Serv. Circ.(445), 194 p.

Garrick, J.A.F. 1985. Additions to a revision of the shark genus Carcharhinus: synonymy of Aprionodon and Hypoprion, and description of a new species of Carcharhinus. NOAA Tech. Rep., Nat. Mar. Fish. Serv. (34): 26 p.

Hamlett, W.C. (ed). 1999. Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, 515 pp.

Jordan, D.S. and B.W. Evermann. 1896. The Fishes of North and Middle America. no. 47, part 1, pp. 15-97.

Klimley, A.P. and D.G. Ainley (eds). 1996. Great White Sharks: The biology of Carcharodon carcharias. Academic Press, 517 pp.

Oetinger, M.I. and G.D. Zorzi (eds). 1995. The biology of freshwater elasmobranchs. Special Edition Editors. Journal of Aquariculture and Aquatic Sciences, 7: 1-162.

Pratt, H.L. Jr., S. H. Gruber, and T. Taniuchi (eds.). 1990. Elasmobranchs as living resources: Advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, U.S. Department of Commerce, no. 90, 518 pp.

Springer, S. 1979. A revision of the catsharks, family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular (422): 1-152.

Tricas, T.C. and S.H. Gruber (eds.). 2001. The behavior and sensory biology of elasmobranch fishes: an anthology in memory of Donald Richard Nelson. Environmental Biology Fishes, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 320 pp.

Yano, K., J.F. Morrissey, Y. Yabumoto, and K. Nakaya (eds). 1997. Biology of the megamouth shark. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan, 203 pp.

General Reading

Compagno, L.J.V. 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4, Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125. vol. 4, pt. 1 (noncarcharhinoids), pp. viii, 1-250, April, pt. 2 (Carcharhiniformes), pp. x, 251-655, Dec. United Nations Development Programme/ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Compagno, L.J.V. 2001. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Vol. 2. Bullhead, mackerel, and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes, and Orectolobiformes). FAO

Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 1, vol.2. Rome, FAO. 2001. 269 p.

Ellis, R. and J.D. McCosker. 1991. Great white shark. Harper/Collins Publishers, New York City, New York, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 270 pp. Gilbert, P.W. 1963. Sharks and survival. P.W. Gilbert (ed.). D. C. Heath & Co., Boston, pp. 578 pp.

Gilbert, P.W., R. F. Mathewson, and D. P. Rall (eds.). 1967. Sharks, Skates, and Rays. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.

Gruber, S.H. (ed.). 1990. Discovering sharks. A volume honoring the work of Stewart Springer. Underw. Nat., Bull. American Littoral Society, Special Publication no. 14, Highlands, NJ, 121 pp.

Hennemann, R.M. 2001. Sharks and rays: elasmobranch guide of the world. IKAN – Unterwasserchiv, Frankfurt, Germany, 304 pp.

Johnson, R.H. 1978. Sharks of tropical and temperate seas. Les Editions du Pacifique, Papeete, Tahiti, 170 pp.

Michael, S.W. 1993. Reef sharks and rays of the world. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California, 107 pp.

Mojetta, A. 1997. Sharks: history and biology of the lords of the sea. Thunder Bay Press, 167 pp.

Reader’s Digest. 1986. Sharks: silent hunters of the deep. Reader’s Digest, Sydney, London, N.Y., Montereal, Cape Town. 208 pp.

Reader’s Digest. 1998. Sharks. Reader’s Digest Association, Inc., New York, 160 pp.

Springer, V.G. and J.P. Gold. 1989. Sharks in question. The Smithsonian answer book. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 187 pp.

Stafford-Deitsch, J. 1987. Shark. A photographer’s story. Headline Book Publishing Co., London. 200 pp.

Stevens, J.D. (ed.). 1987. Sharks. Golden Press Pty. Ltd., Australia, 240 pp.

Taylor, L. (ed.). 1997. The Nature Company Guides: Sharks and Rays. Time-Life Books, 288 pp.

Regional Guides

Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder. 1948. Chapter Three, Sharks. In: Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Fnd. Mar. Res. (1) 1: 56-576.

Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder. 1953. Chapter one, Sawfishes, Guitarfishes, Skates and Rays. Chapter two, Chimaeroids. In: Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Fnd. Mar. Res. (1) 2: 1-588.

Carpenter, K.E. and V.H. Niem (eds). 1998. Sharks. In: The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific, FAO vol. 2, pp. 1194-1366.

Carpenter, K.E. and V.H. Niem (eds). 1998. Batoid fishes and chimaeras. In: The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific, FAO vol. 3, pp. 1398-1537.

Castro, J.I. 1983. The sharks of North American waters. Texas A&M U. Press, 180 pp.

Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert, and M.J. Smale. 1989. Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. Struik Publishing, Cape Town,160 pp.

Compagno, L.J.V., F. Krupp, and W. Schneider. 1995. Tiburones [Sharks]. In: W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter, y V.H. Niem (eds.), Guia FAO para la Identificacion de especies para los fines de la Pesca, Pacifico Centro-Oriental, Volumen II, Vertebrates – Part 1. pp. 647-743.

Cox, G. and M. Francis. 1997. Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury University Press, 68 pp.

Crow, G.L. and J. Crites. 2002. Sharks and rays of Hawaii. Mutual, 204 pp.

Ebert, D.A. 2003. The sharks, rays and chimaeras of California. University California Press, 284 pp. (UC Press)

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald, and H. Hammond. 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Co., Field Guide (28): 1-336.

Ferguson, A. and G.M. Cailliet. 1990. Sharks and rays of the Pacific Coast. Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation, 64 p.

Kato, S., S. Springer, and M.H. Wagner. 1967. Field guide to eastern Pacific and Hawaiian sharks. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Circ. 271, 47 pp.

Krupp, F. and W.A. Bussing. 1995. Quimeras [Chimaeras]. In: W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter, y V.H. Niem (eds.), Guia FAO para la Identificacion de especies para los fines de la Pesca, Pacifico Centro-Oriental, Volumen II, Vertebrates – Part 1. pp. 793-798.

Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens. 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries, Melbourne, Australia, 605 pp.

Mecklenburg, C.W., T.A. Mecklenburg, and L.K. Thorsteinson. 2002. Fishes of Alaska. American Fisheries Society, 1037 pp.

McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara. 1995. Batoideos [Batoids]. In: W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter, y V.H. Niem (eds.), Guia FAO para la Identificacion de especies para los fines de la Pesca, Pacifico Centro-Oriental, Volumen II, Vertebrates – Part 1. pp. 745-792.

Taylor, L.R. 1993. Sharks of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, 126 pp.

Selected Websites

In addition to the websites developed by members of the National Shark Research Consortium (Florida Program for Shark ResearchFlorida Museum of Natural History, Mote Marine Laboratory Center for Shark Research, and Shark Research Program at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science), there are many additional websites that provide details related to sharks and rays that can be found on-line. The following list provides links to select sites that may contain useful information on conservation, education, and research programs pertaining to the biology of sharks, rays, and chimaeras.
CONSERVATION

The Ocean Conservancy

The Shark Trust

The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group
EDUCATIONAL/TEACHING

Florida Museum of Natural History

Mote Marine Laboratory (About Sharks)

Ocean of Know (Shark’s Lesson Plan)
GENERAL

Egg Capsules of Sharks & Rays

Elasmoworld
MUSEUMS & COLLECTIONS

California Academy of Sciences, Ichthyology

Florida Museum of Natural History, Ichthyology

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Ichthyology Department

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Fish Collection

Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrates Collection

University of Washington Fish Collection

U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Division of Fishes
RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS AND PROGRAMS

CSIRO, Australia, Tagging Research

DFO Canada, Pacific Biological Station – Groundfish/Elasmobranchs

Dr. Steven Campana’s Canadian Shark Research Laboratory

Dr. Chris Lowe’s CSULB Shark Lab

Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Shark Lab

Monterey Bay Aquarium (Conservation and Research)

NMFS Panama City Shark Population Assessment Group

Naragansett Laboratory Apex Predators Program

NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center Marine Resources Division

Sharks Board, Natal South Africa
SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES

American Elasmobranch Society

American Society of Ichthyologists and Hepetologists

SHARK ATTACK

International Shark Attack File
TAXONOMY

California Academy of Sciences, Catalog of Fishes